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Gut microbial balance and liver transplantation: alteration, management, and prediction

null

《医学前沿(英文)》 2018年 第12卷 第2期   页码 123-129 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0563-2

摘要:

Liver transplantation is a conventional treatment for terminal stage liver diseases. However, several complications still hinder the survival rate. Intestinal barrier destruction is widely observed among patients receiving liver transplant and suffering from ischemia–reperfusion or rejection injuries because of the relationship between the intestine and the liver, both in anatomy and function. Importantly, the resulting alteration of gut microbiota aggravates graft dysfunctions during the process. This article reviews the research progress for gut microbial alterations and liver transplantation. Especially, this work also evaluates research on the management of gut microbial alteration and the prediction of possible injuries utilizing microbial alteration during liver transplantation. In addition, we propose possible directions for research on gut microbial alteration during liver transplantation and offer a hypothesis on the utilization of microbial alteration in liver transplantation. The aim is not only to predict perioperative injuries but also to function as a method of treatment or even inhibit the rejection of liver transplantation.

关键词: gut microbial balance     liver transplantation     ischemia–reperfusion     acute rejection    

Biodegradation of waste refrigerator polyurethane by mealworms

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2023年 第17卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1638-8

摘要:

● Waste refrigerator polyurethane (WRPU) was ingested and biodegraded by mealworms.

关键词: Waste refrigerator polyurethane     Mealworms     Biodegradation     Carbon balance     Gut microorganism    

Calorie restriction and its impact on gut microbial composition and global metabolism

Xiaojiao Zheng, Shouli Wang, Wei Jia

《医学前沿(英文)》 2018年 第12卷 第6期   页码 634-644 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0670-8

摘要:

Calorie restriction (CR) is a dietary regimen that reduces calorie intake without incurring malnutrition or a reduction in essential nutrients. It has long been recognized as a natural strategy for promoting health, extending longevity, and prevents the development of metabolic and age-related diseases. In the present review, we focus on the general effect of CR on gut microbiota composition and global metabolism. We also propose mechanisms for its beneficial effect. Results showed that probiotic and butyrate-producing microbes increased their relative abundance, whereas proinflammatory strains exhibited suppressed relative abundance following CR. Analyses of the gut microbial and host metabolisms revealed that most host microbial co-metabolites were changed due to CR. Examples of dramatic CR-induced changes in host metabolism included a decrease in the rate of lipid biosynthesis and an increase in the rates of fatty acid catabolism, β-oxidation, glycogenolysis, and gluconeogenesis. The observed phenotypes and the further verification of the direct link between gut microbiota and metabolome may benefit patients that are at risk for developing metabolic disease. Thus, improved gut microbiota composition and metabolome are potential biomarkers for determining the effectiveness of dietary interventions for age-related and metabolic diseases.

关键词: caloric restriction     gut microbiota     metabolome    

Using pyrosequencing and quantitative PCR to analyze microbial communities

Husen ZHANG

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2011年 第5卷 第1期   页码 21-27 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0303-9

摘要: New high-throughput technologies continue to emerge for studying complex microbial communities. In particular, massively parallel pyrosequencing enables very high numbers of sequences, providing a more complete view of community structures and a more accurate inference of the functions than has been possible just a few years ago. In parallel, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) allows quantitative monitoring of specific community members over time, space, or different environmental conditions. In this review, the principles of these two methods and their complementary applications in studying microbial ecology in bioenvironmental systems are discussed. The parallel sequencing of amplicon libraries and using barcodes to differentiate multiple samples in a pyrosequencing run are explained. The best procedures and chemistries for QPCR amplifications are also described and advantages of applying automation to increase accuracy are addressed. Three examples in which pyrosequencing and QPCR were used together to define and quantify members of microbial communities are provided: in the human large intestine, in a methanogenic digester whose sludge was made more bioavailable by a high-voltage pretreatment, and on the biofilm anode of a microbial electrolytic cell. The key findings in these systems and how both methods were used in concert to achieve those findings are highlighted.

关键词: polymerase chain reaction (PCR)     microbial communities     pyrosequencing     gut     microbial fuel cell     sludge    

病理状态下肠道微生态的调节

王玉兰, 王保红, 吴俊芳, 江向洋, 唐惠儒, Ole H. Nielsen

《工程(英文)》 2017年 第3卷 第1期   页码 83-89 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.01.013

摘要:

人类微生态是寄居在人体中的微生物聚集体,且主要存在于胃肠道(GIT) 中。肠道微生态随着人体发育而演化,并在人类健康和疾病中起着重要作用。近年来,由于微生态会影响宿主代谢、生理学和免疫系统发育,而且微生态紊乱可能导致许多疾病,其越来越受到人们的关注。肠道微生态可能与恶性肿瘤有一定联系,如胃癌和结直肠癌;也可能与其他一些疾病有关,如非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)、被称为工业化世界“生活方式疾病”的肥胖和糖尿病、冠心病以及中枢神经系统紊乱。虽然分子技术革命为我们更准确地研究肠道微生态提供了必要的工具,但是我们需要更精确地阐明其与某些人类疾病病理变化的关系,明确微生态在不同疾病中的作用是新的治疗策略发展的基础。本文概述了肠道微生态对人类健康的重要影响以及调整肠道菌群结构的潜在用途,如菌群移植用于治疗耐药艰难梭菌(C. difficile) 的感染。通过微生态干预调整肠道区域以改善人类健康的概念虽刚刚兴起,但其治疗意义显著。因此,抑制有害菌、促进有益菌可能会保护人类健康,并且这些努力将为探索发展更加合理的治疗方案打下基础。

关键词: 肠道菌群     疾病     菌群调节    

一种通过检测特定粪便微生物群来评估人体肠道微生物稳态的方法 Article

Zhongwen Wu, Xiaxia Pan, Yin Yuan, Pengcheng Lou, Lorina Gordejeva, Shuo Ni, Xiaofei Zhu, Bowen Liu, Lingyun Wu, Lanjuan Li, Bo Li

《工程(英文)》 2023年 第29卷 第10期   页码 110-119 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.03.007

摘要:

Research on microecology has been carried out with broad perspectives in recent decades, which has enabled a better understanding of the gut microbiota and its roles in human health and disease. It is of great significance to routinely acquire the status of the human gut microbiota; however, there is no method to evaluate the gut microbiome through small amounts of fecal microbes. In this study, we found ten predominant groups of gut bacteria that characterized the whole microbiome in the human gut from a largesample Chinese cohort, constructed a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method and developed a set of analytical approaches to detect these ten groups of predominant gut bacterial species with great maneuverability, efficiency, and quantitative features. Reference ranges for the ten predominant gut bacterial groups were established, and we found that the concentration and pairwise ratios of the ten predominant gut bacterial groups varied with age, indicating gut microbial dysbiosis. By comparing the detection results of liver cirrhosis (LC) patients with those of healthy control subjects, differences were then analyzed, and a classification model for the two groups was built by machine learning. Among the six established classification models, the model established by using the random forest algorithm achieved the highest area under the curve (AUC) value and sensitivity for predicting LC. This research enables easy, rapid, stable, and reliable testing and evaluation of the balance of the gut microbiota in the human body, which may contribute to clinical work.

关键词: Gut microbiota     Machine learning     Microbial dysbiosis     Quantitative polymerase chain reaction     Chinese cohort    

Acceleration of the particulate organic matter hydrolysis by start-up stage recovery and its original microbial

Yanqing Duan, Aijuan Zhou, Xiuping Yue, Zhichun Zhang, Yanjuan Gao, Yanhong Luo, Xiao Zhang

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第15卷 第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1304-3

摘要: Abstract • Carbon availability was partially solved by POM recovery and fermentation. • 12% carbon sources were regenerated by fermentation of the entrapped 35% TCOD. • The unique microbial communities facilitated the efficient hydrolysis of the POM. • Considerable economic benefits in aeration power and ECS dosage were anticipated. To address the availability of carbon sources for denitrification, the accelerated hydrolysis of the most abundant but low-availability fraction of particulate organic matter (POM) was investigated. Mesh sieves with different pore sizes were used as primary pretreatment at the start-up-stage of the biological process to separate some POM from the liquid system. The changes in soluble carbohydrates and proteins were monitored to investigate the hydrolysis performance of the sieved POM, with waste activated sludge (WAS) as the control test. The results showed that an average of 35% POM could be entrapped before filtrate mat development. In addition, benefiting from the high polysaccharides concentration, as well as the high availability due to the relatively loose physical structure, a 23% hydrolysis efficiency of POM was obtained, in contrast to that of WAS (3.4%), with a hydrolysis constant of 0.39 h−1. The prominent performance was also attributed to the unique microbial communities having been domesticated at a lower temperature, especially the cellulose-degrading bacteria Paraclostridium and psychrophile Psychrobacter, making up 6.94% and 2.56%, respectively. Furthermore, the potential benefits and application of improved POM hydrolysis by start-up stage recovery via mesh sieves combined with anaerobic fermentation were evaluated, including selective POM entrapment, alleviation of blockage and wear, and a reduction in aeration energy. By the proposed strategy, carbon availability for biological nutrient removal (BNR) processes is anticipated to be improved more economically than that can be achieved by primary clarifier elimination.

关键词: Particulate organic matter (POM)     Hydrolysis     Microbial community     Mass balance    

Integrated analysis of gut microbiome and host immune responses in COVID-19

《医学前沿(英文)》 2022年 第16卷 第2期   页码 263-275 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0921-6

摘要: Emerging evidence indicates that the gut microbiome contributes to the host immune response to infectious diseases. Here, to explore the role of the gut microbiome in the host immune responses in COVID-19, we conducted shotgun metagenomic sequencing and immune profiling of 14 severe/critical and 24 mild/moderate COVID-19 cases as well as 31 healthy control samples. We found that the diversity of the gut microbiome was reduced in severe/critical COVID-19 cases compared to mild/moderate ones. We identified the abundance of some gut microbes altered post-SARS-CoV-2 infection and related to disease severity, such as Enterococcus faecium, Coprococcus comes, Roseburia intestinalis, Akkermansia muciniphila, Bacteroides cellulosilyticus and Blautia obeum. We further analyzed the correlation between the abundance of gut microbes and host responses, and obtained a correlation map between clinical features of COVID-19 and 16 severity-related gut microbe, including Coprococcus comes that was positively correlated with CD3+/CD4+/CD8+ lymphocyte counts. In addition, an integrative analysis of gut microbiome and the transcriptome of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) showed that genes related to viral transcription and apoptosis were up-regulated in Coprococcus comes low samples. Moreover, a number of metabolic pathways in gut microbes were also found to be differentially enriched in severe/critical or mild/moderate COVID-19 cases, including the superpathways of polyamine biosynthesis II and sulfur oxidation that were suppressed in severe/critical COVID-19. Together, our study highlighted a potential regulatory role of severity related gut microbes in the immune response of host.

关键词: COVID-19     SARS-COV-2     gut microbiome     immune response    

Mechanistic and therapeutic advances in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by targeting the gut microbiota

Ruiting Han, Junli Ma, Houkai Li

《医学前沿(英文)》 2018年 第12卷 第6期   页码 645-657 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0645-9

摘要: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common metabolic diseases currently in the context of obesity worldwide, which contains a spectrum of chronic liver diseases, including hepatic steatosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatic carcinoma. In addition to the classical “Two-hit” theory, NAFLD has been recognized as a typical gut microbiota-related disease because of the intricate role of gut microbiota in maintaining human health and disease formation. Moreover, gut microbiota is even regarded as a “metabolic organ” that play complementary roles to that of liver in many aspects. The mechanisms underlying gut microbiota-mediated development of NAFLD include modulation of host energy metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and bile acid and choline metabolism. As a result, gut microbiota have been emerging as a novel therapeutic target for NAFLD by manipulating it in various ways, including probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, antibiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and herbal components. In this review, we summarized the most recent advances in gut microbiota-mediated mechanisms, as well as gut microbiota-targeted therapies on NAFLD.

关键词: gut microbiota     NAFLD     obesity     insulin resistance     bile acids     probiotic    

Simulation of bubble column reactors using CFD coupled with a population balance model

Tiefeng WANG

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2011年 第5卷 第2期   页码 162-172 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0267-5

摘要: Bubble columns are widely used in chemical and biochemical processes due to their excellent mass and heat transfer characteristics and simple construction. However, their fundamental hydrodynamic behaviors, which are essential for reactor scale-up and design, are still not fully understood. To develop design tools for engineering purposes, much research has been carried out in the area of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling and simulation of gas-liquid flows. Due to the importance of the bubble behavior, the bubble size distribution must be considered in the CFD models. The population balance model (PBM) is an effective approach to predict the bubble size distribution, and great efforts have been made in recent years to couple the PBM into CFD simulations. This article gives a selective review of the modeling and simulation of bubble column reactors using CFD coupled with PBM. Bubble breakup and coalescence models due to different mechanisms are discussed. It is shown that the CFD-PBM coupled model with proper bubble breakup and coalescence models and interphase force formulations has the ability of predicting the complex hydrodynamics in different flow regimes and, thus, provides a unified description of both the homogeneous and heterogeneous regimes. Further study is needed to improve the models of bubble coalescence and breakup, turbulence modification in high gas holdup, and interphase forces of bubble swarms.

关键词: bubble column     computational fluid dynamics     bubble breakup and coalescence     population balance model     bubble size distribution    

Nonlinear sealing force of a seawater balance valve used in an 11000-meter manned submersible

《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2023年 第18卷 第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0726-y

摘要: Balance valve is a core component of the 11000-meter manned submersible “struggle,” and its sealing performance is crucial and challenging when the maximum pressure difference is 118 MPa. The increasing sealing force improves the sealing performance and increases the system’s energy consumption at the same time. A hybrid analytical–numerical–experimental (ANE) model is proposed to obtain the minimum sealing force, ensuring no leakage at the valve port and reducing energy consumption as much as possible. The effects of roundness error, environmental pressure, and materials on the minimum sealing force are considered in the ANE model. The basic form of minimum sealing force equations is established, and the remaining unknown coefficients of the equations are obtained by the finite element method (FEM). The accuracy of the equation is evaluated by comparing the independent FEM data to the equation data. Results of the comparison show good agreement, and the difference between the independent FEM data and equation data is within 3% when the environmental pressure is 0–118 MPa. Finally, the minimum sealing force equation is applied in a balance valve to be experimented using a deep-sea simulation device. The balance valve designed through the minimum sealing force equation is leak-free in the experiment. Thus, the minimum sealing force equation is suitable for the ultrahigh pressure balance valve and has guiding significance for evaluating the sealing performance of ultrahigh pressure balance valves.

关键词: seawater balance valve     sealing performance     hybrid ANE model     FEM     minimum sealing force equation    

Quantitative analysis of yield and soil water balance for summer maize on the piedmont of the North China

Jingjing WANG,Feng HUANG,Baoguo LI

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2015年 第2卷 第4期   页码 295-310 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2015074

摘要: The North China Plain (NCP) is a major grain production area in China, but the current winter wheat-summer maize system has resulted in a large water deficit. This water-shortage necessitates the improvement of crop water productivity in the NCP. A crop water model, AquaCrop, was adopted to investigate yield and water productivity (WP) for rain-fed summer maize on the piedmont of the NCP. The data sets to calibrate and validate the model were obtained from a 3-year (2011–2013) field experiment conducted on the Yanshan piedmont of the NCP. The range of root mean square error (RMSE) between the simulated and measured biomass was 0.67–1.25 t·hm , and that of relative error (RE) was 9.4%–15.4%, the coefficient of determination ( ) ranged from 0.992 to 0.994. The RMSE between the simulated and measured soil water storage at depth of 0–100 cm ranged from 4.09 to 4.39 mm; and RE and in the range of 1.07%–1.20% and 0.880–0.997, respectively. The WP as measured by crop yield per unit evapotranspiration was 2.50–2.66 kg·m . The simulated impact of long-term climate (i.e., 1980–2010) and groundwater depth on crop yield and WP revealed that the higher yield and WP could be obtained in dry years in areas with capillary recharge from groundwater, and much lower values elsewhere. The simulation also suggested that supplementary irrigation in areas without capillary groundwater would not result in groundwater over-tapping since the precipitation can meet the water required by both maize and ecosystem, thus a beneficial outcome for both food and ecosystem security can be assured.

关键词: AquaCrop     summer maize     soil water balance     water productivity    

Mass and heat balance calculations and economic evaluation of an innovative biomass pyrolysis project

Quanyuan WEI, Yongshui QU, Tianwei TAN

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2011年 第5卷 第3期   页码 355-361 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-0567-9

摘要: Biomass can be converted into flammable gas, charcoal, wood vinegar, wood tar oil and noncombustible materials with thermo-chemical pyrolysis reactions. Many factors influence these processes, such as the properties of the raw materials, and temperature control and these will affect the products that are produced. Based on the data from a straw pyrolysis demonstration project, the mass and heat balance of the biomass pyrolysis process were analyzed. The statistical product and service solutions (SPSS) statistical method was used to analyze the data which were monitored on-site. A cost-benefit analysis was then used to study the viability of commercializing the project. The analysis included net present value, internal rate of return and investment payback period. These results showed that the straw pyrolysis project has little risk, and will produce remarkable economic benefits.

关键词: mass balance     heat balance     biomass pyrolysis     economic benefit    

Flow and mass balance analysis of eco-bio infiltration system

Marla C. MANIQUIZ, Lee-Hyung KIM, Soyoung LEE, Jiyeon CHOI

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2012年 第6卷 第5期   页码 612-619 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0448-1

摘要: A structured stormwater infiltration system was developed and constructed at a university campus and monitoring of storm events was performed during a one-year operation period. The flow and pollutant mass balances were analyzed and the overall efficiency of the system was assessed. While significant positive correlations were observed among rainfall, runoff and discharge volume ( = 0.93-0.99; <0.05), there was no significant correlations existed between rainfall, runoff, discharge volume and pollutant load. The system was more effective in reducing the runoff volume by more than 50% for small storm events but the difference between the runoff and discharge volume was significant even with rainfall greater than 10 mm. Results showed that the pollutant reduction rates were higher compared to the runoff volume reduction. Average pollutant reduction rates were in the range of 72% to 90% with coefficient of variation between 0.10 and 0.46. Comparable with runoff reduction, the system was more effective in reducing the pollutant load for small storm events, in the range of 80% to 100% for rainfall between 0 and 10 mm; while 65% to 80% for rainfall between 10 and 20 mm. Among the pollutant parameters, particulate matters was highly reduced by the system achieving only a maximum of 25% discharge load even after the entire runoff was completely discharged. The findings have proven the capability of the system as a tool in stormwater management achieving both flow reduction and water quality improvement.

关键词: best management practice     flow balance     low impact development     mass balance     nonpoint source     stormwater runoff    

Deviation correction strategy for the earth pressure balance shield based on shield–soil interactions

《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2022年 第17卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0676-4

摘要: The control system presently used in shield posture rectification is based on driver experience, which is marginally reliable. The study of the related theory is flawed. Therefore, a decision-making approach for the deviation correction trajectory and posture rectification load for an earth pressure balance (EPB) shield is proposed. A calculation model of posture rectification load of an EPB shield is developed by considering the interactions among the cutter head, shield shell, and ground. The additional position change during the shield attitude correction is highlighted. The posture rectification loads and shield behaviors results can be solved by the proposed method. The influences of the stratum distribution (i.e., bedrock height in the upper-soft and lower-hard strata) on shield behaviors and posture rectification loads are analyzed. Results indicated that the increase of pitch angle in the upper-soft and lower-hard strata causes a sharp rise in vertical displacement. The bedrock height increases the magnitudes of the required posture rectification moments when hr/D > 0.5. For a tunnel with hr/D ≤ 0.5, the variation of hr/D has little effect on the posture rectification moments. Finally, the posture rectifying curves based on the theoretical model are compared with the target ones based on the double circular arc interpolation method. The required results can be obtained regardless of the soil–rock compound stratum distribution. The maximum rectification moment in the rock layer is almost 12.6 times that in the soil layer. Overall, this study provides a valuable reference for moment determination and the trajectory prediction of posture rectification in compound strata.

关键词: additional position change     deviation correction trajectory     earth pressure balance shield     mechanical model     posture rectification    

标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Gut microbial balance and liver transplantation: alteration, management, and prediction

null

期刊论文

Biodegradation of waste refrigerator polyurethane by mealworms

期刊论文

Calorie restriction and its impact on gut microbial composition and global metabolism

Xiaojiao Zheng, Shouli Wang, Wei Jia

期刊论文

Using pyrosequencing and quantitative PCR to analyze microbial communities

Husen ZHANG

期刊论文

病理状态下肠道微生态的调节

王玉兰, 王保红, 吴俊芳, 江向洋, 唐惠儒, Ole H. Nielsen

期刊论文

一种通过检测特定粪便微生物群来评估人体肠道微生物稳态的方法

Zhongwen Wu, Xiaxia Pan, Yin Yuan, Pengcheng Lou, Lorina Gordejeva, Shuo Ni, Xiaofei Zhu, Bowen Liu, Lingyun Wu, Lanjuan Li, Bo Li

期刊论文

Acceleration of the particulate organic matter hydrolysis by start-up stage recovery and its original microbial

Yanqing Duan, Aijuan Zhou, Xiuping Yue, Zhichun Zhang, Yanjuan Gao, Yanhong Luo, Xiao Zhang

期刊论文

Integrated analysis of gut microbiome and host immune responses in COVID-19

期刊论文

Mechanistic and therapeutic advances in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by targeting the gut microbiota

Ruiting Han, Junli Ma, Houkai Li

期刊论文

Simulation of bubble column reactors using CFD coupled with a population balance model

Tiefeng WANG

期刊论文

Nonlinear sealing force of a seawater balance valve used in an 11000-meter manned submersible

期刊论文

Quantitative analysis of yield and soil water balance for summer maize on the piedmont of the North China

Jingjing WANG,Feng HUANG,Baoguo LI

期刊论文

Mass and heat balance calculations and economic evaluation of an innovative biomass pyrolysis project

Quanyuan WEI, Yongshui QU, Tianwei TAN

期刊论文

Flow and mass balance analysis of eco-bio infiltration system

Marla C. MANIQUIZ, Lee-Hyung KIM, Soyoung LEE, Jiyeon CHOI

期刊论文

Deviation correction strategy for the earth pressure balance shield based on shield–soil interactions

期刊论文